Glossary

A

Agriculture

Farming or growing crops
Català: Agricultura
Česky:
Deutsch: Landwirtschaft
Español: Agricultura
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: landbouw
Norsk: Jordbruk
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Amber

Yellow or red fossilized resin remains of coniferous trees eg pines
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Bernstein
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: barnsteen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Antler

The horns on a deer's head
Català: Banya
Česky:
Deutsch: Geweih
Español: Astas
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: gewei
Norsk: Gevir
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Archaeological open-air museum

An archaeological open-air museum is a non-profit permanent institution with outdoor true to scale architectural reconstructions primarily based on archaeological sources. It holds collections of intangible heritage resources and provides an interpretation of how people lived and acted in the past; this is accomplished according to sound scientific methods for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment of its visitors.
Català: Museu arqueòlogic a l’aire lliure
Česky:
Deutsch: Archäologisches Freilichtmuseum
Español: Museo arqueológico al aire libre
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: archeologisch openluchtmuseum
Norsk: Arkeologisk friluftsmuseum
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

archaeological open-air museums

Plural of archaeological open-air museum.

An archaeological open-air museum is a non-profit permanent institution with outdoor true to scale architectural reconstructions primarily based on archaeological sources. It holds collections of intangible heritage resources and provides an interpretation of how people lived and acted in the past; this is accomplished according to sound scientific methods for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment of its visitors.
Català: Museu arqueòlogic a l’aire lliure
Česky:
Deutsch: Archäologische Freilichtmuseen
Español: Museo arqueológico al aire libre
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: archeologisch openluchtmuseums
Norsk: Arkeologisk friluftsmuseer
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Archaeology

The study of human society through the materials and data that they have left behind such as artifacts, architecture and cultural landscapes.
Definition source Wikipedia
Català: Arqueologia
Česky:
Deutsch: Archäologie
Español: Arqueología
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: Archeologie
Norsk: Arkeologi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Archaeotechnology

Research into ancient techniques such as handicrafts, hunting and agriculture, and demonstrating them to the public in a museum or Living History site
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Archäotechnik
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands:
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Army

Group of people armed and organised to fight. A military group.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Exèrcit
Česky:
Deutsch: Heer
Español: Ejercito
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: leger
Norsk: Hær
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Arrow

Pointed stick with feathers, fired from a bow, used as a weapon or for hunting
Català: Fletxa
Česky:
Deutsch: Pfeil
Español: Flecha
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: pijl
Norsk: Pil
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Art

A work of visual beauty eg painting, carving
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Art
Česky:
Deutsch: Kunst
Español: Arte
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kunst
Norsk: Kunst
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Atlatl

A wooden shaft used to propel a spear or dart, mainly used by Aztecs and other South American tribes
Català: Atlatl
Česky:
Deutsch: Speerschleuder, Atlatl
Español: Átlatl
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: atlatl
Norsk: Atlatl
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Axe

Hand tool or weapon with long handle and heavy metal blade, used for chopping wood
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Destral
Česky:
Deutsch: Axt (schwer), Beil (leicht)
Español: Hacha
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: bijl
Norsk: Øks
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

B

Bark

The outer layer of a tree
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Escorça
Česky:
Deutsch: Borke, Rinde
Español: Corteza
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: schors
Norsk: Bark
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Basket

A container made of plaited or interwoven twigs or canes, often with a handle across the top
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Cistell
Česky:
Deutsch: Korb
Español: Cesto
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: mand
Norsk: Kurv
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Beads

Small and usually round balls made of glass or stone etc strung with others eg in a necklace
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Perlen
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kralen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Beer

Alcoholic drink brewed from cereal grains such as barley.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Català: Cervesa
Česky:
Deutsch: Bier
Español: Cerveza
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: bier
Norsk: Øl
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bibliography

A list of books on a subject
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Bibliografia
Česky:
Deutsch: Bibliografie
Español: Bibliografía
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: bibliografie
Norsk: Bibliografi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bird

Flying creature with wings, feathers and a beak
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Vogel
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vogel
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Boat

A small vessel for travelling over water (see also ship)
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Barca
Česky:
Deutsch: Boot
Español: Barca, bote
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: boot
Norsk: Båt
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bone

Hard dense tissue forming the skeleton
Catala: Os
Česky:
Deutsch: Knochen
Español: Hueso
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: bot, been
Norsk: Bein
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bow

Weapon for shooting arrows
Catala: Arc
Česky:
Deutsch: Bogen
Español: Arco
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: boog
Norsk: Bue
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bread

Basic food made from flour mixed with water or milk and baked.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Pa
Česky:
Deutsch: Brot
Español: Pan
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: brood
Norsk: Brød
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

brewing

Brewing is the production of beer by converting a mash of grains (usually malted barley) into an alcoholic mixture. It needs yeast to get the fermentation going and flavouring. The process includes several steps like malting, boiling and fermenting.
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: brauen
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: brouwen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bronze

A metal, an alloy of copper and tin or lead
Catala: Bronze
Česky:
Deutsch:
Español: Bronce
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: brons
Norsk: Bronse
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Bronze Age

Period from about 2200 to 700BC. The second of the three ages (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age), during which smelting and casting were developed
Catala: Edat del Bronze
Česky:
Deutsch: Bronzezeit
Español: Edad del Bronce
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: bronstijd
Norsk: Bronsealderen
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Butchery

1. Preparing meat by killing and cutting up an animal
2. Slaughtering or killing many people eg in battle.
Catala: 1. Carnisseria 2. Matança
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. schlachten 2. niedermetzeln
Español: 1. Carnicería 2. Matanza
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1.slacht 2. slachting
Norsk: 1. Slakte 2. Slakte
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

C

Card weaving

Also called tablet weaving. Method of making cloth in which a piece of wood is used to separate the threads.
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Brettchenweben
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kaartweven
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Carve

To cut wood, stone etc into a shape (called a carving)
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. schnitzen (Holz) 2. hauen (Stein)
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. snijden (hout) 2. houwen (steen)
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Casting

An object formed by pouring liquid metal into a mould
Catala: Forja
Česky:
Deutsch: Guss
Español: Fundición, objeto creado por fundición
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: afgietsel
Norsk: Støype
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Cave

A large natural hollow chamber either underground or in the side of a mountain or cliff, often used as a dwelling or for storage
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Höhle
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: grot
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Ceramic

A material, often clay pottery, baked at high temperature and then cooled
Catala: Ceràmica
Česky:
Deutsch: Keramik
Español: Cerámica
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: aardewerk
Norsk: Keramikk
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Chalk

A soft rock (calcium carbonate) often white or light in colour, formed from shell fragments of minute sea organisms
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Kreide
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: krijt
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Charcoal

Fuel made of black carbon formed by heating wood without air
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Holzkohle
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: houtskool
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Chemistry

Science or study of matter; what things are made of, their elements, composition, properties and chemical reaction with other things.
Catala: Química
Česky:
Deutsch: Chemie
Español: Química
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: scheikunde
Norsk: Kjemi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Church

A building for public worship, usually Christian
Catala: Església
Česky:
Deutsch: Kirche
Español: Iglesia
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kerk
Norsk: Kirke
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Clay

A poorly draining soil which is pliable when wet, used to make pottery, bricks and ceramics
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Lehm
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: klei
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Coinage

Metal coins, money
Catala: Encunyació, monedes, sistema monetari
Česky:
Deutsch: Münze, Münzgeld
Español: Acuñación, monedas, sistema monetario
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: munten
Norsk: Mynt
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Colour

Eg red, green, blue, white
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Farbe
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kleur
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Construction

1. The process of building something
2. Something built, a building
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: 1. Construcció 2. Construcció, edifici
Česky:
Deutsch: 1./2. Bau, Konstruktion
Español: 1.Construcción 2. Construcción, edificio
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. bouw 2. constructie, maaksel
Norsk: 1. Bygge 2. Konstruksjon
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Container

Object such as a box or pot designed for holding or storing something
Catala: Contenidor
Česky:
Deutsch: Behälter, Container
Español: Contenedor
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vat, bak, houder, doos, bus
Norsk: Beholder
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Cookery

The act of preparing and heating food
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Cuinar, cuina
Česky:
Deutsch: kochen
Español: Cocinar, cocina
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: koken
Norsk: Koke
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Copper

A soft reddish-brown metal (Cu)
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Kupfer
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: koper
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Craft

1. A skill in designing and making something, usually by hand, carried out by a craftsman.
2. A small boat
Catala: 1. Artesania 2. Embarcació
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Handwerk 2. (kleines) Boot
Español: 1. Artesanía 2. Embarcación
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. handwerk, ambacht 2. vaartuig
Norsk: 1. Håndverk 2. Fartøy
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Crannog

A lake dwelling in Scotland or Ireland, houses built on a natural or man-made island
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Crannog
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: paalwoning
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Cremation

The burning of a body after death
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Verbrennung, Kremation
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: crematie, lijkverbranding
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

D

Domestic animal

Tame animal such as a cow, sheep or goat, often kept to provide food. Also used today of dogs or cats.
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Haustier
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: huisdier
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Drill

1. To make a hole in something by boring; a tool used for boring holes
2. Military exercise or practice
3. Shallow furrow in which seeds are sown in farming
Catala: 1. Perforar, foradar
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. bohren 2. drillen 3. (Saat-)Furche
Español: 1. Taladrar, perforar 2. Instrucción 3. Surco
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. boren 2. africhten 3. voor
Norsk: 1. Bor 2.Drill 3. Fure
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Dye

Plant or vegetable substance used to change the colour of something eg cloth
Catala: Tint
Česky:
Deutsch: Farbe
Español: Tinte
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: verf
Norsk: Farge
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

E

Earthwork

A fortification with walls built of earth
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Erdwerk (neolithisch) 2. Wallanlage, Ringwall
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands:
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Education

1. The process of teaching or training
2. The learning received
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Educació
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Unterricht, Lehre 2. Bildung
Español: Educación
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: onderwijs
Norsk: Undervisning
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Engrave

To carve a design or letters on wood, stone or metal (an engraving)
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. schneiden (Holz) 2. gravieren (Stein, Metall)
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1.snijden (hout) 2. graveren (steen, metaal)
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Environment

The surroundings or conditions within which something or someone lives
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Umwelt
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: milieu
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Ethics

Rules of behaviour or moral principles of a person or society
Catala: Ètica
Česky:
Deutsch: Ethik
Español: Ética
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: ethiek
Norsk: Etikk
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Ethnoarchaeology

The study of a people or society in order to understand behavioural relationships
Catala: Etnoarqueologia
Česky:
Deutsch: Ethnoarchäologie
Español: Etnoarqueología
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: etnoarcheologie
Norsk: Etnoarkeologi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Event

Something that happens, an incident
Catala: Esdeveniment, succés
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Geschehen 2. Event, Veranstaltung
Español: Evento, suceso
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: gebeurtenis
Norsk: Hendelse
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Excavation

The process of uncovering, examing and recording remains on an archaeological site (sometimes called a "dig")
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Ausgrabung, archäologische Grabung
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: opgraving
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Exhibition

A display of works of art or historic artefacts to the public.
Catala: Exposició
Česky:
Deutsch: Ausstellung
Español: Exposición
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: tentoonstelling
Norsk: Utstilling
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Experiment

A trial activity carried out in order to test a theory
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Experiment
Česky:
Deutsch: Experiment
Español: Experimento
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: experiment
Norsk: Eksperiment
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Experimental archaeology

A scientific approach to testing theories based on archeological evidence such as artifacts and structures.
Catala: Arqueologia experimental
Česky: Experimentální archeologie
Deutsch: Experimentelle Archäologie
Español: Arqueología experimental
Français: Archéologie expérimentale
Italiano: Archeologia sperimentale
Lietuvių: Eksperimentinė archeologija
Nederlands: experimentele archeologie
Norsk: Eksperimentell arkeologi
Polski: Archeologia eksperymentalna - archeologia doświadczalna
Română: Arheologie experimentală
Русский: Экспериментальная археология
Suomi: Kokeellinen arkeologia

F

Fibre

A fine thread which can be made into textiles
Catala: Fibra
Česky:
Deutsch: Faser
Español: Fibra
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vezel
Norsk: Fiber
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Fire

Burning of wood, charcoal or other fuel to produce flames, heat and light eg for warmth or cooking
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Feuer
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vuur
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Fire making

Lighting something (eg wood, paper) to make it burn
Catala: Fer foc
Česky:
Deutsch: Feuer machen
Español: Hacer fuego
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vuur maken
Norsk: Gjøre opp ild
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Fireplace

Place such as a hearth designed to contain a fire eg for heating or cooking
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Feuerstelle 2. Herd (erhöht)
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vuurplaats
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Fish

Cold-blooded creature with fins and scales that swims in water, often used as food
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Fisch
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vis
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Flint

A very hard form of a sedimentary siliceous rock found in chalk and limestone, used as a tool, a weapon or to produce a spark and make fire
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Feuerstein, Flint
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vuursteen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Food

Anything eaten in a solid form eg meat, bread, vegetables to provide nourishment and energy
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Nahrung
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: voedsel
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Forage

To look for and gather wild food such as nuts, berries, herbs etc
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Futtersuche (Tier) 2. Nahrungssuche, Sammeln (Mensch)
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: fourageren
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Funerary

To do with a funeral or burial of the dead.
Catala: Funerari
Česky:
Deutsch: Beerdigung, Begräbnis, Leich (österr.)
Español: Funerario
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: begrafenis
Norsk: Begravelse
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Furniture

Movable household equipment such as tables, chairs, beds, etc.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Mobiliari
Česky:
Deutsch: Möbel, Mobiliar
Español: Mobiliario
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: meubilair
Norsk: Møbler
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

G

Gather

To bring together, especially to look for wild food such as nuts, berries, herbs etc. To forage.
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: sammeln
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: verzamelen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Glaze

A hard glassy coating on pottery.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Vidriat
Česky:
Deutsch: Glasur
Español: Vidriado
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: glazuur
Norsk: Glasur
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Glue

Substance used to stick two things together.
Catala: Cola
Česky:
Deutsch: Leim, Kleber, Klebstoff
Español: Pegamento, cola
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: lijm
Norsk: Lim
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Gold

A very precious yellow metal used for decoration, jewellery, coins etc (Au)
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Gold
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: goud
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

H

Helmet

A hard protective covering for the head, eg in battle
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Helm
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: helm
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Heritage management

Preserving and protecting significant cultural sites and artefacts
Catala: Gestió, protección del patrimoni
Česky:
Deutsch: Denkmalpflege, Denkmalschutz
Español: Gestión, protección del patrimonio
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: beheer van cultureel erfgoed
Norsk: Kulturminnemyndighet
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Horn

1. sharp growth on the heads of some animals, eg cattle
2. of an object or carving made of horn
3. a musical instrument or object made of or shaped like an animal's horn eg hunting horn, drinking horn
Catala: 1. Banya, 2. Banya, 3. Banya
Česky:
Deutsch: 2. Horn, Gehörn 2. aus Horn 3. (Blas-)Horn
Español: 1. Cuerno, 2. Cuerna, 3. Cuerno
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. hoorn, 2. hoorn, 3. hoorn
Norsk: 1. Horn 2. Horn 3. Horn
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Horse

Large animal with hoofs, long legs and a mane of hair, used for riding or to pull a cart etc
Catala: Cavall
Česky:
Deutsch: Pferd
Español: Caballo
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: paard
Norsk: Hest
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Hunt

1. To chase and kill animals eg for food
2. The chase itself
Catala: 1. Caça, 2. Cacera
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. jagen 2. Jagd
Español: 1. Caza, 2. Cacería
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. jagen 2. jacht
Norsk: 1. Jage 2. Jakt
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Hygiene

Keeping oneself and one's surroundings clean in order to stay healthy and prevent the spread of disease
Catala: Higiene
Česky:
Deutsch: Hygiene
Español: Higiene
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: hygiëne
Norsk: Hygiene
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

I

Interpretation

Presenting and explaining the meaning of something to make it easier to understand
Catala: Interpretació
Česky:
Deutsch: Darstellung
Español: Interpretación
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: interpretatie
Norsk: Tolkning
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Inuit

People living in the Arctic, Greenland and Alaska (Eskimo)
Catala: Inuit
Česky:
Deutsch: Inuit (Eskimo)
Español: Inuit (esquimal)
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: Inuit (Eskimo)
Norsk: Inuit
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Iron

Hard silvery-white magnetic metal (Fe)
Catala: Ferro
Česky:
Deutsch: Eisen
Español: Hierro
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: ijzer
Norsk: Jern
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Iron Age

Period from about 500BC to the early centuries AD, occurring after the Bronze Age, and marked by the widespread use of iron or steel
Definition source Wikipedia
Catala: Edat del Ferro
Česky:
Deutsch: Eisenzeit
Español: Edad del Hierro
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: ijzertijd
Norsk: Jernalderen
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Ivory

Hard white material from the tusks (large teeth) of elephants
Catala: Ivori
Česky:
Deutsch: Elfenbein
Español: Marfil
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: ivoor
Norsk: Elfenben
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

J

Jewellery

Articles worn for personal adornment eg bracelets, necklaces, brooches and rings
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Schmuck, Juwelen
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: juwelen
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

K

Knapping

the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian or other hard material by means of soft percussion, hard percussion or flaking to shape the stone into a tool, decoration or otherwise
Catala: Talla
Česky:
Deutsch: Flint schlagen
Español: Talla
Français:
Italiano: Scheggiatura
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vuursteenbewerking
Norsk: Slå flint
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Knife

A sharp blade with a short handle used for cutting eg as a tool for preparing food or a weapon for fighting
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch:
Español: Messer
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: mes
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

L

Lake dwelling

A house built on an island or on stilts in the water. In Scotland or Ireland, these are called crannog: houses originally built over water, later due to deposition turned into man-made islands
Catala: Palafit
Česky:
Deutsch: Pfahlbauten
Español: Palafito
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: paalwoning
Norsk: Pæle bolig
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Landscape

The visible features of an area of land, including mountains, hills and rivers, vegetation, land use, buildings, as well as elements such as weather conditions.
Definition source Wikipedia
Catala: Paisatge
Česky:
Deutsch: Landschaft
Español: Paisaje
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: landschap
Norsk: Landskap
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

LARP

Live Action Role-Playing is a game where participants physically act out their characters' actions. Players pursue goals within a fictional setting, while interacting with each other in character.
Definition source Wikipedia
Catala: Recreació històrica en viu
Česky:
Deutsch: LARP
Español: Recreación histórica en vivo
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: levend rollenspel
Norsk: Levende rollespill
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Leather

Tanned skin of an animal eg as used for clothing
Catala: Pell, cuir
Česky:
Deutsch: Leder
Español: Piel, cuero
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: leer
Norsk: Lær
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Light

1. Brightness from a candle, a fire, the sun etc eg daylight
2. Not dark
3. Not heavy
Catala: 1. Llum, 2. Clar, 3. Lleuger
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Licht 2. hell 3. leicht
Español: 1. Luz, 2. Claro, 3. Ligero
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: licht
Norsk: Lys
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Living history

An activity involving historical tools, activities and dress in an interactive presentation to give observers and participants a sense of stepping back in time
Definition source: Wikipedia
Catala: Living history
Česky:
Deutsch: Living history
Español: Living history
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: living history
Norsk: Levende historie
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

M

Megalith

From Greek mega = large and lith = stone. Can be 1. a single stone or 2. a monument such as a tomb made of several large stones.
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Megalith, 2. Megalithgrab, Großsteingrab, Hünengrab
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. megaliet 2. hunebed
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Metal

Element or alloy such as iron, bronze or tin
Catala: Metall
Česky:
Deutsch: Metall (rein), Legierung (Gemisch)
Español: Metal
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: metaal
Norsk: Metal
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Method

A way of doing something
Catala: Mètode
Česky:
Deutsch: Methode
Español: Método
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: methode
Norsk: Metode
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Museum

“A non-profit institution open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment.” (ICOM Statutes, approved in Vienna (Austria) – August 24, 2007. Art. 3, Section 1
Catala: Museu
Česky:
Deutsch: Museum
Español: Museo
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: museum
Norsk: Museum
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Music

Sound with rhythm and melody produced by singing or by musical instruments
Catala: Música
Česky:
Deutsch: Musik, Gesang (nur vokal)
Español: Música
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: muziek
Norsk: Musikk
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

N

Navigation

The art of steering a ship or finding one's way
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Navegació
Česky:
Deutsch: Navigation
Español: Navegación
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: navigatie
Norsk: Navigering
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Nomad

A wanderer - a member of a people without a permanent home, who travel from place to place seeking food and pasture
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Nomade
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: nomade
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Nourishment

Supplying someone with food; the goodness obtained from the food
Catala: Nutrició
Česky:
Deutsch: Ernährung
Español: Nutrición, nutrirse
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: voeding
Norsk: Ernæring
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

O

Obsidian

Volcanic glass
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Obsidiana
Česky:
Deutsch: Obsidian
Español: Obsidiana
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: obsidiaan, lavaglas
Norsk: Obsidian
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Open-air museum

“A scientific collection in the open air of various types of structures illustrating settlement patterns, dwellings, economy and technology”. Source: (AEOM [Association of European Open Air Museums] Constitution Article 1, Association of European Open Air Museums, Tagungsberichte 1966-1972, 109)
Catala: Museu a l’aire lliure
Česky:
Deutsch: Freilichtmuseum
Español: Museo al aire libre
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: openluchtmuseum
Norsk: Friluftsmuseum
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

P

Pigment

Plant or vegetable substance used as a dye to change the colour of something
Catala: Pigment
Česky:
Deutsch: Pigment
Español: Pigmento
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: kleurstof
Norsk: Pigment
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Pitch

1. Thick black sticky substance obtained from coal tar
2. To set up camp
3. To throw something
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Quitrà
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Pech 2. kampieren, lagern 3. werfen
Español: 1. Brea; 2. Acampar; 3. Lanzar
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. pek 2. kamp opslaan 3. werpen
Norsk: 1. Bek 2. Teltplass 3. Kaste
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Plant

A small natural living organism eg a herb, flower or shrub
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Pflanze
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: plant
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Polish

To rub a stone, piece of wood etc until it is smooth and glossy
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: polieren
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: polijsten
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Post depositional process

Later changes to archaeological remains eg by animals, humans, organic and inorganic
Catala: Procès postdeposicional
Česky:
Deutsch: post-depositioneller Prozess, thaphonomischer Prozess
Español: Proceso post deposicional
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: post-depositioneel proces
Norsk: Post deponerings prosess
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Primitive technology

Technology of or pertaining to an earliest or original stage or state
Catala: Tecnologia primitiva
Česky:
Deutsch: einfache Technologie
Español: Tecnología primitiva
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: primitieve technologie
Norsk: Primitiv teknologi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Projectile

Something that is thrown especially as a weapon eg a stone, arrow or spear
Catala: Projectil
Česky:
Deutsch: Geschoss, Projektil
Español: Proyectil
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: projectiel
Norsk: Prosjektil
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

R

Reconstruction

A rebuilding of a destroyed structure based on available evidence to show how the original might have looked
Catala: Recontrucció
Česky:
Deutsch: Rekonstruktion
Español: Reconstrucción
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: reconstructie
Norsk: Rekonstruksjon
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Religion

Belief in and worship of a god or gods
Catala: Religió
Česky:
Deutsch: Religion
Español: Religión
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: godsdienst
Norsk: Religion
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Review

A survey or critical examination of a subject or past event
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Revisió
Česky:
Deutsch: Rezension(Text), Besprechung, kritische Würdigung
Español: Revisión
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: recensie, terugblik, overzicht
Norsk: Gjennomgåelse, anmeldelse
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Rope

Strong thick cord made by twisting fibres of hemp together
Catala: Corda
Česky:
Deutsch: Tau, Seil, Tampen (Schifffahrt), Reep (Schifffahrt)
Español: Cuerda
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: touw
Norsk: Tau
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

S

Sculpture

Large model carved from stone, clay or wood
Catala: Escultura
Česky:
Deutsch: Skulptur
Español: Escultura
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: beeldhouwwerk
Norsk: Skulptur
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Settlement

A place where people live, such as a group of houses or village; a community
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Siedlung
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: nederzetting
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Ship

A large vessel for travelling over water, usually the sea (see also boat)
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Vaixell
Česky:
Deutsch: Schiff
Español: Barco
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: schip
Norsk: Skip
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Shoe

Covering for the foot usually made from leather
Catala: Sabata
Česky:
Deutsch: Schuh
Español: Zapato
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: schoen
Norsk: Sko
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Smelting

Processing an ore such as iron by melting it in order to separate out the crude metal
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Fundició
Česky:
Deutsch: Verhüttung
Español: Fundición
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: smelten (van erts)
Norsk: Smelte
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Sociology

Scientific study of the nature, structure and workings of human society
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Sociologia
Česky:
Deutsch: Soziologie
Español: Sociología
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: sociologie
Norsk: Sosiologi
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Spear

A long stick with a sharp point at one end used as a weapon for throwing or fighting
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Speer
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: speer
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Spinning

1. Drawing and twisting fibres into thread
2. Rotating very quickly
Catala: Filar
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. spinnen 2. rotieren, wirbeln
Español: 1. Hilar; 2. Rotar
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. spinnen 2. ronddraaien
Norsk: 1. Spinne 2. Spinne
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Stone

Natural mass of minerals from the Earth's crust. A stone or boulder
Catala: Pedra
Česky:
Deutsch: Stein
Español: Piedra
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: steen
Norsk: Stein
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Stone Age

A broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years, when humans and earlier species like Australopithecus and Paranthropus, widely used stone to make tools
Definition source Wikipedia
Catala: Edad de pedra
Česky:
Deutsch: Steinzeit
Español: Edad de Piedra
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: steentijd
Norsk: Steinalder
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Survival

Staying alive or continued existence
Catala: Sobreviure
Česky:
Deutsch: Überleben
Español: Sobrevivir
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: overleving, survival
Norsk: Overleve
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

T

Tablet weaving

Also called card weaving. Method of making cloth in which a piece of wood is used to separate the threads.
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch:
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands:
Norsk:
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Tar

Dark sticky liquid obtained from coal or wood
Catala: Quitrà
Česky:
Deutsch: Teer
Español: Brea, alquitrán
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: teer
Norsk: Tjære
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Technique

Way of doing something using mechanical or practical skill
Catala: Tècnica
Česky:
Deutsch: Technik
Español: Técnica
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: techniek
Norsk: Teknikk
Polski:
Română:
Русский:
Suomi:

Technology

The practical use of scientific knowledge in everyday life; the technical skills available at a particular time in history to a civilization or a group of people.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Tecnologia
Česky:
Deutsch: Technologie
Español: Tecnología
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: technologie
Norsk: Teknologi
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Tent

A shelter made of canvas or other material supported by poles or a frame and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs, that can be taken down and carried from place to place
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Tenda de campanya
Česky:
Deutsch: Zelt
Español: Tienda de campaña
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: tent
Norsk: Telt
Polski:
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Textile

Cloth or fabric made by weaving
Catala: Tèxtil
Česky:
Deutsch: Textil, Gewebe
Español: Textil
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: textiel
Norsk: Tekstil
Polski:
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Русский:
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Thatch

A roof covering of straw or reeds, etc
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Terrat de palla
Česky:
Deutsch: Ried-, Reet-, Reithdach (Schilf), Strohdach (Getreidestroh)
Español: Tejado de paja
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: rieten dak
Norsk: Halmtak
Polski:
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Theory

An idea or explanation which has not yet been proved
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Teoria
Česky:
Deutsch: Theorie
Español: Teoría
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: theorie
Norsk: Teori
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Tool

An object used for a purpose such as cutting or digging eg a knife, spade or hammer. Especially one used by hand
Catala: Eina
Česky:
Deutsch: Werkzeug, Gerät
Español: Herramienta, útil
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: gereedschap
Norsk: Verktøy
Polski:
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Tourism

The practice of travelling to and visiting places for pleasure and relaxation
Catala: Turisme
Česky:
Deutsch: Tourismus
Español: Turismo
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: toerisme
Norsk: Turisme
Polski:
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Русский:
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Trade

Buying and selling, the exchange of goods between people or peoples
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Handel
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: handel
Norsk:
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Transport

To carry (goods, passengers, etc) from one place to another; a vessel (boat, cart etc) used for this purpose
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Transport
Česky:
Deutsch: transportieren
Español: Transporte
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vervoeren
Norsk: Transport
Polski:
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U

Use wear analysis

A method of identifying the functions of tools by closely examining their working surfaces and edges
Definition source: Wikipedia
Catala: Traceologia
Česky:
Deutsch: Gebrauchsspurenanalyse
Español: Traceología
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: gebruikssporenanalyse
Norsk: Slitespors analyse
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W

Wattle and daub

Building material used for making walls - a woven lattice of wooden strips (wattle) is covered (daubed) with a sticky mixture of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung or straw. Used for 6,000 years and still important in many parts of the world.
Catala: Tovot
Česky:
Deutsch: Lehmflechtwerk
Español: Adobe
Français: Torchis
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: vitselwerk
Norsk: Leirklining
Polski:
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Weapon

An object such as a sword or a spear, used to kill or injure people, usually in a war or fight.
Definition source Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Arma
Česky:
Deutsch: Waffe
Español: Arma
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: wapen
Norsk: Våpen
Polski:
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Weaving

Method of making fabric in which two sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth
Definition source: Wikipedia
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Weben
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: weven
Norsk:
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Wood

1. Hard material of trees used for burning, building, carving, tools and weapons
2. A large area of trees, woodland
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: 1. Holz 2. Wald
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: 1. hout 2. bos
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Woodworking

The art of making or shaping something from wood, carpentry.
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala: Ebenisteria
Česky:
Deutsch: Holzbearbeitung
Español: Carpintería, ebanistería
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: houtbewerking
Norsk: Trearbeid
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Wool

Soft wavy hair of sheep and other animals such as goats which can be spun into yarn for knitting or weaving
Definition source: Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Wolle
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: wol
Norsk:
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Ö

Ötzi

Well-preserved mummified remains of a man who lived about 5,300 years ago, found in 1991 in the Ötztal, a valley in the Italian Alps
Catala:
Česky:
Deutsch: Ötzi, Similaun-Mann, Mann vom Hauslabjoch
Español:
Français:
Italiano:
Lietuvių:
Nederlands: Ötzi
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